Journal of Financial Econometrics Advance Access originally published online on August 26, 2005
Journal of Financial Econometrics 2005 3(4):555-577; doi:10.1093/jjfinec/nbi027
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Properties of Bias-Corrected Realized Variance Under Alternative Sampling Schemes
University of Warwick
Address correspondence to Roel C. A. Oomen, Department of Finance, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK, or e-mail: roel.oomen{at}wbs.ac.uk.
In this article I study the statistical properties of a bias-corrected realized variance measure when high-frequency asset prices are contaminated with market microstructure noise. The analysis is based on a pure jump process for asset prices and explicitly distinguishes among different sampling schemes, including calendar time, business time, and transaction time sampling. Two main findings emerge from the theoretical and empirical analysis. First, based on the mean-squared error (MSE) criterion, a bias correction to realized variance (RV) allows for the more efficient use of higher frequency data than the conventional RV estimator. Second, sampling in business time or transaction time is generally superior to the common practice of calendar time sampling in that it leads to a further reduction in MSE. Using IBM transaction data, I estimate a 2.5-minute optimal sampling frequency for RV in calendar time, which drops to about 12 seconds when a first-order bias correction is applied. This results in a more than 65% reduction in MSE. If, in addition, prices are sampled in transaction time, a further reduction of about 20% can be achieved.
KEYWORDS: bias correction, diffusion limit, market microstructure noise, optimal sampling, pure jump process, realized variance
Received April 16, 2004; revised March 25, 2005; accepted July 20, 2005
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