Journal of Financial Econometrics Advance Access originally published online on August 26, 2005
Journal of Financial Econometrics 2005 3(4):525-554; doi:10.1093/jjfinec/nbi028
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A Realized Variance for the Whole Day Based on Intermittent High-Frequency Data
Stanford University
Aarhus School of Business
Address correspondence to Asger Lunde, Department of Marketing and Statistics, Aarhus School of Business, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark, or e-mail: alunde{at}asb.dk.
We consider the problem of deriving an empirical measure of daily integrated variance (IV) in the situation where high-frequency price data are unavailable for part of the day. We study three estimators in this context and characterize the assumptions that justify their use. We show that the optimal combination of the realized variance and squared overnight return can be determined, despite the latent nature of IV, and we discuss this result in relation to the problem of combining forecasts. Finally, we apply our theoretical results and construct four years of daily volatility estimates for the 30 stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
KEYWORDS: high-frequency data, market microstructure noise, realized variance
Received April 1, 2004; revised April 15, 2005; accepted July 20, 2005